Peaceful Rise (和平崛起) is a diplomatic and strategic doctrine introduced in the early 2000s that describes China’s aspirations to achieve global prominence through peaceful means. It emphasizes that China’s growing economic and geopolitical influence will not threaten other nations but contribute to global stability, development, and harmony.
Key aspects include:
Economic Development (经济发展, Jīngjì Fāzhǎn):
Prioritizing domestic economic growth as the foundation for international influence.
Non-Intervention (不干涉内政, Bù Gānshè Nèizhèng):
Respecting the sovereignty of other nations and avoiding interference in their domestic affairs.
Win-Win Cooperation (互利共赢, Hùlì Gòngyíng):
Promoting partnerships that benefit all parties and avoid zero-sum competition.
The concept of Peaceful Rise was first articulated by Chinese scholar Zheng Bijian in 2003. It emerged during a period of rapid economic growth, when concerns about China’s ambitions began to rise internationally. The doctrine aimed to allay fears of a “China threat” by emphasizing cooperation, mutual respect, and shared prosperity.
Although the term “Peaceful Rise” has since evolved into “Peaceful Development (和平发展, Hépíng Fāzhǎn),” its principles remain central to China’s foreign policy.
1. Avoiding Conflict:
Ensuring that China’s rise does not provoke military or economic confrontations.
2. Promoting Global Stability:
Supporting multilateralism and international institutions to address shared challenges.
3. Building Economic Interdependence:
Strengthening trade and investment ties to create mutual benefits and reduce the likelihood of conflict.
4. Enhancing Soft Power:
Promoting Chinese culture, values, and achievements to foster goodwill and understanding globally.
For China, Peaceful Rise reflects its vision of becoming a major global power without following the historical path of colonialism or military aggression often associated with Western powers. It aligns with traditional Chinese values of harmony and the modern strategy of focusing on development rather than confrontation.
Key Contributions and Trends:
Economic Integration:
Through initiatives like the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China fosters economic ties that benefit participating nations.
Global Governance:
Active participation in the United Nations, World Trade Organization, and other multilateral organizations reflects China’s commitment to a stable international order.
Cultural Diplomacy:
The promotion of Chinese language, arts, and philosophy through Confucius Institutes enhances mutual understanding and trust.
1. Belt and Road Initiative (BRI):
By improving global infrastructure and connectivity, the BRI embodies China’s commitment to shared economic growth.
2. UN Peacekeeping Missions:
China has become one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping forces, supporting global stability.
3. Trade Partnerships:
Free trade agreements and regional collaborations, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), strengthen economic interdependence.
4. Climate Leadership:
China’s investments in renewable energy and commitments to carbon neutrality reflect its contribution to global sustainability.
5. Non-Intervention Policy:
China’s diplomatic approach emphasizes respect for sovereignty, as seen in its engagement with diverse political regimes.
Perceptions of Hidden Motives:
Americans might view Peaceful Rise as a façade for hegemonic ambitions, overlooking its emphasis on mutual benefit and respect for sovereignty.
Cultural Differences in Strategy:
The long-term, incremental nature of China’s rise might be misunderstood as either passivity or lack of transparency.
Economic vs. Military Power:
China’s focus on economic influence may be overshadowed by assumptions about military competition.
Peaceful Rise resonates with Chinese citizens as an affirmation of their country’s ability to achieve greatness without repeating the mistakes of historical imperial powers. It reflects a vision of global leadership rooted in cooperation, mutual respect, and cultural pride. For the CCP, it underscores China’s commitment to harmonious development, both domestically and internationally, fostering confidence in a future where China’s rise benefits the world.